The Numerical Realities of Tolkappiyar in Muthollaayiram

It is no exaggeration to say that literature helps to understand the richness of a language. Though there are many kinds of literature in Tamil that trace the history of thousands of years, it is classical literature that is noteworthy. One of the classical texts, Muthollaayiram, carries the history of the Chera, Chola, and Pandya kings their valour, gifts, the country's greatness, prosperity, etc. It is composed in muthollaayiyiram venba verse and has all the grammatical elements together with woven syllables such as alliteration, rhyme, and harmony. Among them is the reality of words, in the substance of difference in the object of weeping, loss, and movement as states on the basis of delusion, novelty, and fear in the substance of God (leadership) The subject matter of pride and charity has also been explored. Moreover, the innocence and the happiness of reality have also been examined in detail in this article

The Palmar Cutaneous Branch of Median Nerve - Its Clinical importance in Carpal Tunnel Release: A Cadaver study

INTRODUCTION: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common compressive neuropathy of the median nerve at the wrist. In patients with carpal tunnel syndrome, the median nerve under the flexor retinaculum is tightly packed with the long flexor tendons of the fingers with their surrounding synovial sheaths. The decompression of median nerve by sectioning the transverse carpal ligament (flexor retinaculum) is well accepted as the treatment of choice for patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. It is assumed that most of the postoperative complications are due to injuries to the distal branches of the median nerve. The palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve was one of the main branches of median nerve that can easily get injured during open carpal tunnel release. The precise zone of sensation in the palm is difficult to define, due to the extensive overlap of sensory supply from the main median nerve. The evolution of the technique of carpal tunnel release reflects growing awareness of the cutaneous innervations of the palm and its implication on postoperative scar tenderness. AIMS OF THE STUDY: 1. To study and trace the anatomic course of palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve. 2. To analyze the variations of palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve. 3. To assess the other sensory nerve contributions to the palm. 4. To analyze the post operative sequelae following accidental division of palmar cutaneous branch of median nerve in carpal tunnel release. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 24 hands of 12 cadavers were dissected. The incision was made from mid-forearm, extending vertically up to distal wrist crease. The incision turned towards the ulnar half of ring finger up to distal palmar crease. Then the incision turned towards the ulnar aspect of thumb. The incision was deepened. The palmar cutaneous branch of median nerve was traced from midforearm and traced along its course. The median nerve was identified between the tendon of flexor Carpi radialis and Palmaris longus (PL) and then was picked up. Each PCN was identified using blunt dissection, and was traced proximally to its intraneural origin from the median nerve. Each PCBMN was then carefully dissected distally, dividing the skin overlying its course and tracing individual branches radially, and towards the ulnar side until its termination in the undersurface of the skin. The variations and other sensory nerve contributions were noted. The findings were recorded, photographed and tabulated. CONCLUSIONS: Palmar Cutaneous branch of Median nerve is not a myth. • But it is not present as it is described in text books. • It is not a constant branch of Median nerve. • It could be absent unilaterally or bilaterally. • Our dissections show that PCBMN supplies mainly thenar eminence. • So, accidental division of Palmar Cutaneous Branch of Median Nerve may not cause sensory loss in the palm as there are additional contributions from branches from median nerve and common digital nerves

PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF ECLIPTA ALBA L.

Objective: Earlier various studies on pharmacological and therapeutic properties of Eclipta alba L. have been reported. The present investigation is on phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of E. alba L. using different solvent extracts. Method: The shade-dried and grounded E. alba L. plant materials were treated with petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol, and water (aqueous) solvents. The extracted residue was then dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide and further used for phytochemical screening and antioxidant studies. Results: E. alba L. on different solvent extract, the extractive yield was higher in methanol (14.22±0.99% w/w). The phytochemical screening analysis showed high number of secondary metabolites in the aqueous extract compared to other solvent studied. The metabolite flavonoids, phenols, and tannins are likely to be antioxidant potential compound. Hence, further, the total flavonoid content determination showed high of 0.875±0.020 μg/g in methanol extract. Further antioxidant property of E. alba L. was studied by method such as1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity, nitric oxide scavenging activity, metal chelating activity, and superoxide dismutase activity which showed high antioxidant potency with IC50 values of 62.76±0.63 μg/ml, 96.24±0.34 μg/ml, 72.29±0.61 μg/ml, and 108.40±0.52 μg/ml, respectively, in the petroleum ether extract. Conclusion: From the present study, the substantiate result of antioxidant studies has been obtained from petroleum ether extract . Furthermore the extractive value and flavonoid content was observed to be high in methanol extract. The antioxidant potency of E. alba L. was found to be high in petroleum ether extract compared to other solvent studied

KNOWLEDGE ON HYPOGLYCEMIA AMONG PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS.

 Objective: The objective of the study is to assess the level of knowledge on hypoglycemia among patients with diabetes mellitus in the rural community. Hypoglycemia is an acute complication of diabetes mellitus. The recognition of hypoglycemia and immediate treatment of hypoglycemia should be known by all the diabetic patients so that treatment of hypoglycemia may not be delayed, need for hospitalization could be avoided, and life-threatening complications due to hypoglycemia may be prevented.Methods: A cross-sectional research design was adopted with 60 samples who met the inclusion criteria in the rural community in India. Structured interview method was used to collect the data. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics.Result: Of 60 samples, 38 (63.33%) had inadequate knowledge, 12 (20%) of them had moderately adequate knowledge, and 10 (16.67%) of them had adequate knowledge. There is a significant association between the age and type of treatment at the level of p<0.05 with the level of knowledge on hypoglycemia.Conclusion: The study findings emphasized that majority of the patients with diabetes mellitus do not have the knowledge on hypoglycemia. The health-care professional has an important role in educating diabetics on hypoglycemia so that hypoglycemic episodes and morbidity could be reduced or prevented

A Glimpse of Humanity and Inhumanity in the Films Pariyerum Perumal and Kanni Maadam

Cinema is an extensive platform for visualizing ideologies through entertainment and discussing issues artistically. Cinema plays a main role in human life like literature, painting, poetry, folk songs, etc. It is a tool to explore emotions created by filmmakers and stimulate them in the audience which is correspondingly a reflection of the society that speaks about massive issues like politics, history, relationships, adventure, etc. Over time cinema started to portray social injustices, especially by shedding light on marginalized communities. Cinemas mostly characterized Dalits as inferior neglecting their hardships but consequently started to represent their protest for identification and social equality. Contemporary young filmmakers in India are filling the space to speak caste politics honestly. This paper analyzes social inequality through select Tamil films, Pariyerum Perumal and Kanni Maadam, which articulated an extraordinary message by trying to picture the humanity and inhumanities displayed in the caste-practiced society. Humanity is one of the central elements that distinguish living from non-living. Exhibiting humanity in recent times is directly proportional to the necessities of the individual. In such a situation, an individual or community showing humanity to those who displayed inhumanity towards them is astounding. The select films explore the same by emphasizing how humanity displayed at the unexpected and undeserved moment can alter a person’s ego and change society virtuously. The paper also puts forth suggestions on how the marginalized can be uplifted and empowered by the theory of egalitarianism

Dichloridobis(1-ethyl-2,6-dimethyl­pyridinium-4-olate-κO)zinc(II)

In the title compound, [ZnCl2(C9H13NO)2], the ZnII ion is coordinated by two Cl− anions and two O atoms of two zwitterionic organic ligands in a distorted tetra­hedral arrangement. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked into sheets parallel to the bc plane by C—H⋯Cl and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and weak π–π inter­actions [centroid–centroid distance = 3.669 (1) Å]

A comparative clinical study between intra-caesarean and interval intra uterine copper device insertion in caesarean deliveries

Background: Health and family welfare of Indian Ministry, emphasis on postpartum IUCD insertion. Here we conducted a clinical study comparing intra-caesarean and interval CuT-380A insertion in caesarean deliveries.Methods: A systematic study with 150 patients in each group, recruited clients alternately. Group A Intra-Caesarean Cu-T insertion and Group B Interval Cu-T insertion in caesarean deliveries. Groups were followed up at 6th week and 6th month post insertion with a set of parameters. Missed strings, expulsion and infection rates were the primary outcome measures.Results: Infection rate is higher in Group A (2.3%) at 6th week, and at 6th month infection rate is higher in Group B (1.8%). Missed strings are higher in intra-caesarean than in interval insertion method both at 6th week and 6th month follow up p=0.000, hence significant. Expulsion rate is higher in Group A (2.5%) at 6th week, and at 6th month expulsion rate is higher in Group B (1.9%). There are no complications such as uterine perforation or contraceptive failures in both the groups during the study period. By analysis, there are no significant differences in infection and expulsion rates between the groups. For missed strings there is significant difference between the groups with more missed strings in intra-caesarean insertion method.Conclusions: To conclude, intra-caesarean method is equally effective as interval IUCD insertion method without added complications in caesarean deliveries, with advantage of high motivation, good compliance, safety and ease for the provider to deliver services.